The cathedral was built in three years and by October 1858 already had a white iron covering and a gilded dome. The interior walls were plastered, the windows equipped with double frames with Bemski glass, and three stoves were installed in the basement for heating. In the sixth year of construction, craftsmen under the guidance of Moscow icon painter Semyon Borisov painted the dome. The church had three stone porches, the wall paintings were completed, an oak floor was laid, and a pine iconostasis created by Moscow master Nikanor Sofronov with icons by Borisov was installed. Inside the cathedral, two small stoves were added to improve warmth and dryness. For his contribution to the construction, church elder V. Kuzovlev received the Order of St. Anna III degree. The funds for construction were donated by bishops, nobles, merchants, and gunsmiths, among whom merchant Semyon Krasnoglazov and gunsmith Maxim Lyalin stood out. The city mayor Nikolai Dobrynin donated a lot of utensils. The church was consecrated in 1862. Since its construction, the cathedral had spiritual heating, but the ventilation was weak, causing drafts and soot. In the 1890s, it was decided to install water heating and improve ventilation, which required 25 thousand rubles. Church elder I. K. Platonov added the missing funds from his personal savings. The work began in August 1892, and during this, a cornerstone of the church was found. In 1930, the cathedral was closed, and it was planned to convert it into a Palace of Physical Culture, but the project was not realized. The building housed an aeroclub, and later a physical culture club. Four small domes and the central completion were lost. In the 1960s, it was decided to use the building as a weapons museum, and from 1972 to 1989, reconstruction was carried out. The entrance to the museum was made from the east by breaking through the altar wall. In 1991, the building received the status of a historical and cultural monument. In 2012, the exhibition was moved to a new weapons museum, and in 2015, restoration of the building began, but restoring its former appearance is not planned, as the museum continues to occupy the premises.