The Tower on the Cellar is the only square one among the five blind towers. Inside, it is divided by bridges into two tiers, and beneath it was a cellar for storing weapons and gunpowder. This tower has no embrasures and features straight walls without widening at the top. Next to the tower, in the Kremlin wall, there is a passage, recessed into the base, that leads to the bank of the Upa River. It is believed that originally the passage was concealed by a shield to remain unnoticed. In the 17th century, due to this passage, the tower was referred to as the tower 'by the small gates on the cellar' or simply the tower 'by the small gates.'

Until 1921, a spire with the coat of arms of Moscow was installed on the tower, which likely appeared as early as the 18th century.