In 1738, there were two estates in this territory: Captain A. Obukhov of the Semenovsky Regiment and resident V. Polosin from Petersburg. Until 1793, the owners of the plots changed repeatedly until both were acquired by Brigadier P. Golokhvastov, who was related to A. Herzen's parents and owned an estate on Tverskoy Boulevard.

In 1810, Moscow's mayor M. Titov bought the plot between Kaluzhskaya Street and the Moscow River and built a calico printing factory there. After the fire of 1812, the factory had to be restored. At that time, a large house with 30 rooms, a portico with pilasters, wings, and a vast garden was erected. The house was designed by architect Osip Bove, who was involved in the restoration of Moscow after the fire.

The remaining part of the plot was occupied by stone and wooden factory buildings.

In the 1840s, Titov's son closed the factory and sold the plot to the city treasury. In 1866, at the initiative of Moscow's governor Prince A. Shcherbatov, the factory buildings were converted into a hospital for typhus patients. From 1878, it became the Second City Hospital, and in 1902, it was named after Shcherbatov. In 1890, a chapel dedicated to the icon of the Mother of God "The Sign" was opened at the hospital, designed by academician of architecture I. Zalesky. The chapel was closed in the 1920s and restored in modern times.

The main building housed a debtors' prison, relocated here from the Iberian Gates. Muscovites nicknamed it "Tity," and it was as well-known as the debtors' "Yama." According to legend, the artist Savrasov died here. In 1879, imprisonment as a means of debt collection was abolished, but the detention house remained until the early 1900s.

Later, the building became part of the hospital complex. During the Soviet era, the hospital became the base for the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute. From 1922, the chief physician was a professor of this institute, the outstanding surgeon B. Veisbrod. From 1924 to 1959, the hospital bore his name.

In 1959, it became part of the 1st City Hospital named after Pirogov.