Adrian's Holy Assumption Monastery, belonging to the Yaroslavl Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church, is located near Poshekhonye. It was founded in 1543. According to the life of the holy martyr Adrian of Poshekhonye, written in the 1570s, in 1539, monks from the Korniliyev Komely Monastery, the holy Adrian and Leonid of Poshekhonye, at the blessing of the igumen Lavrenty Komely, went into the Poshekhon forests to establish a new monastery in honor of the Mother of God. The location on the Vetkha River, between the villages of Belye, Postrabolskiy, Shelshodskiy, Keshomskiy, and Ukhorskiy, was indicated to them by a certain 'black-robed Bestuzh,' who led them into the 'impenetrable wilderness.' Divine protection over this place was manifested in the miracle of the appearance of the icon of the Assumption of the Mother of God on a tree.

After three years of hermitage, Adrian and Leonid decided to establish a men's monastery. They went to Moscow, where they received the blessing of Metropolitan Makariy for the construction of the monastery and a church in honor of the Assumption of the Mother of God, as well as gathered donations. At this time, Adrian was elevated to the rank of igumen. A strict communal rule, similar to that of the Korniliyev Komely Monastery, was introduced in the monastery. On May 31, 1543, a 'small church with a refectory' was laid. Until the end of the 17th century, all the buildings of the monastery, including churches, refectory, cells, bell tower, and fence, were wooden. In addition to the Assumption Cathedral with two side chapels, there was a gate church in the name of martyrs Adrian and Natalia with a chapel of the holy Michael Malein. In 1659, two chapels were listed at the Assumption Church: of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker and of the holy Adrian of Poshekhonye.

In 1699, the monastery completely burned down. In the early 18th century, with the blessing of Metropolitan Ioasaf Lazarevich of Rostov and Saint Dimitry Tuptalo of Rostov, new churches were built on the site of the burned ones. In 1701, Igumen Theodosius received permission to build the church of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker, consecrated in 1704. It is unknown whether this church was a separate building or one of the cathedral chapels.

In 1718, the stone Assumption Cathedral was consecrated. In 1719, the relics of the holy Adrian of Poshekhonye were placed in the updated chapel of the cathedral in his name.

Around 1928, the monastery was closed, and the brotherhood was subjected to repression. The premises of the monastery were used by a state farm.

By 2000, the half-ruined Assumption Church, bell tower, refectory and abbot's buildings, as well as the monastery's stable, had survived. On March 7, 2000, by the decision of the Holy Synod, Adrian's Assumption Monastery was reopened as a women's monastery. On October 6, 2006, it was transformed into a men's monastery.