The monastery was founded in 1818 by the nun Lampadia Maslennikova with the blessing of Seraphim of Sarov as a shelter for widows and maidens. On December 31, 1848, it was renamed a women's community, and on January 22, 1859, it became a 3rd class women's monastery. By the early 20th century, about 200 sisters lived there.

In 1851, a church was consecrated in honor of the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos with two chapels: one in the name of Saint George, the other in the name of the holy martyr warrior Nicholas.

In the early 20th century, active construction was underway: a nine-domed church, a hospital building, several stone and wooden structures, a refectory, and two guesthouses. There were also a school, a hospital, a guesthouse, a white sewing and icon-painting workshop.

The monastery was closed in 1928, the churches were destroyed, and the territory was transferred to the Pavlovsk Insurance Fund's rest house. Later, a military unit was stationed here, followed by a correctional institution for juvenile female offenders. Before being handed over to the diocese, a pioneer camp was located on the territory of the former monastery.

Before the transfer of the monastery to the church, the buildings remained ownerless for more than five years. Everything that could be was destroyed and taken away: windows were broken, doors were missing, ceilings were absent in places, and the sky was visible through the roof. On February 8, 1995, Metropolitan Nikolai Kutepov signed a document for the revival of the monastery. The first abbess was Mother Ioanna Kurbatova from the Murom Holy Trinity Novodevichy Monastery. The first nuns lived in the building of the former abbot's house. At the beginning of the revival, there were 10-12 nuns living in Ababkovo.

In 2001, Metropolitan Nikolai consecrated the house church in honor of the icon of the Most Holy Theotokos "Joy of All Who Sorrow" in the abbot's building. In February 2002, sisters from Diveevo arrived at the monastery, led by nun Nikona Zhelyakova, the future abbess. On February 13, 2005, Archbishop Georgiy celebrated the Divine Liturgy, and in May 2005, the foundation of the Protection Cathedral was laid. In 2007, with the blessing of the archbishop, a road was constructed to the monastery. In January 2007, the foundation of the cathedral was being built, and work was finishing in the old building, which became a new home for the wards. On March 10, 2007, the restored building was consecrated by Priest Alexander Dolbunov. By this time, there were 9 wards living in the monastery, aged from 4 to 14 years.

On September 16, 2008, the archbishop visited the monastery again. By this time, the foundation of the cathedral was completed, and the walls had reached the level of the first floor. There were 14 residents in the monastery. On February 7, 2010, on the 15th anniversary of the revival of the monastery, Archbishop Georgiy celebrated the Divine Liturgy in the house church in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow." He then consecrated the second building of the children's orphanage, a residential building for boys, and a minibus donated to the children. The first resident of the new building was three-year-old Alexander Suvorov.

By the 15th anniversary of the revival, active construction was underway for a building of the Orthodox gymnasium and a church in honor of the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos.

On November 6, 2016, Bishop Barnabas consecrated the cross for the bell tower of the under-construction Protection Church.